summoners war elemental advantage crit rate. + Lv. summoners war elemental advantage crit rate

 
 + Lvsummoners war elemental advantage crit rate <b>3 </b>

misc passives (molly, etc) If we ignore the last three, the community has proven that the true critical rate isn't the one written on the damn screen. The higher grade of the chest, the better items. If using any CR buff, subtract 30% CR from whatever. 2 Harmful Effect Rate +5%. 3 Damage +10%. (Reusable in 4 turns) Lv. 5 Damage +10%. When your HP is at 30% or lower or you are attacked by a provoked target, the damage you receive is reduced by 50%. Crushing blows are 1. Archer Takes down the enemy from a long range with their extensive attack range. This is my first video so it's far from perfect. 3 Damage +5%. 1k attack and 160 crit damage so if you can aim around thereThe goal of this guide is to get your GB10 team to a 100% success rate, ~40 second average runtime as efficiently as possible so you can really maximize on your rune farming and progress your. Tatsumaki Senpukyaku: Each attack has a 20% chance to remove one beneficial effect and a 30% chance to absorb the Attack Bar randomly between 10% - 25 %. Randy Skills. Attacks the enemy with sharp, icy claws. + Damage +10%. 1 Enemy Info (optional) Help & Info Settings PresetsSummoners War - Monster. Increases the Critical Rate of ally monsters with Water attribute by 23%. 99% will let it mess you up, 100% won't. Spectra also needs high crit rate for dmg. Effect Rate +5%. Equip ATK: DEF Val. Lightning of Cycle. 3 Harmful Effect Rate +10%. I can't really argue that Karl is better other than Su other than the fact he is farmable and having a dark monster looks nice for your monster box. 5% crit chance with up to 27% in total. As for main stat artifacts it'll likely be hp %, pyro %, and crit %. Soul Split: Pierces the enemy's soul, disturbing the enemy's HP recovery for 2 turns, and recovering 35% HP if the. 75. I know for a fact that elemental disadvantage gives -15% crit rate because ppl used to abuse that fact with Hwa vs the old water giants b10 which would counter on a. S2: Recovers HP by 35% if enemy dies -> Recovers HP by 20% if attack lands as a critical hit. Scam Stones and L&D. So 60% crate (assuming actual=effective for simplicity) would be: 60% crate, If game decides on crit=YES, then step 2: 50% chance to keep crit or discard it. r/summonerswar • New transmogs preview (Mage, Sky Surfer, Unicorn, Mystical Witch 2A and High Elementary 2A) Advantage gives 15% crit rate and chance to crushing blow. Can potentially use him to frontline in Elemental Rifts if you really have nothing better. Dungeons: 3/5 RTA: 5/5 Arena: 5/5 TOA: 5/5 Guild Content: 4/5. 4 Harmful Effect Rate +10%. [Seal of Water] is automatically activated if the enemy dies. The measured crit rate was ~46% with the lower bound at about 42% and upper at about 50%. Obtainable from: Unknown Scroll, Mystical Scroll, Mystical Summon, Social Summon, Water Scroll, Temple of Wishes. I used to run with 2. + Lv. Su (Water Rakshasa) has the same Leader skill, even higher multipliers (with enough spd), crit bonus from awakening that matches Karl's elemental advantage, and even applies a slow. + Lv. Flat stats/res/accuracy/atk slot4 is an immediate sell. Additionally, your Attack Bar increases by 50%. r. Glancing can't crit and do only 50% Damage. According to this PSA, he does not give the extra 50% increased damage. - Fire is stronger against Wind. Substats. 26= 1582. Inflicts Continuous Damage for 2 turns if you get a Critical Hit. ) and let the 2/4/6's fall as they will _^. Increases the Critical Rate of ally monsters by 24%. Glancing takes priority. All monsters start out with a base critical rate of 15%, and this can be. Bombs' stun is resistable. There's 3 kind of Indicator: Green (Advantage) Yellow (Neutral) Red (Disadvantage) - A Green (Advantage) Indicator will give a bonus of landing a Crushing Hit that give 15% to. One with fatal blade the other with rage blade. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. hey guys i read a tread about theo how much crit he need to 100%. Raoq is a great damage dealer up to about fighter 3 in the arena. Honorable mention: Antares. I have a Camilla and stacked 229 CD on my Rage Theo. g. The damage increases as the enemy's HP condition is good, and recovers the HP by 20% of the inflicted damage if the attack lands as a Critical Hit. Flow (Passive): Gains immunity against HP recovery disturbance. Effect Rate +15%. Jamire + Tablo is the current Toxic Meta in High Rank RTA. [WATER] Phoenix, Sigmarus. If you can get good Crit Rate from substats and Blade rune sets, well and good. Rage/BladeAtk%Crit D. Elemental Advantage doesn't affect debuffs in any way. Let’s have a general overview at what we can expect on the 30 th June and our first opinion. (Reusable in 4 turns) Your Critical Damage is increased by 50%. For example, if crit damage = 50% and skill bonus = 30%, if there is a crit, damage bonus = 80%. no. + Damage +5%. 3 Harmful Effect Rate +10%. Skill 2: Soul Split - Attack; recover health by 35% if target dies. Unit with 30% crate has 15% against crit resistance buffed units. When you receive fatal attacks, you increase your Attack Power for 2 turns and will be immune to death for 1 turn. Lv. And with Theomars he gets it against ALL elements from his passive so there is a hidden 15% crit rate on theomars that you dont seeCommunity-run subreddit for the Com2uS game **Summoners War: Sky Arena**. I'm wondering : would a skill that buffs crit rate. • 1 mo. Lv. Ideally, you want to use Theomars as your best attacker because of his elemental advantage passive, but any attacker will work. Additionally, your Attack Bar increases by 50%. GB12 (0/10): He has elemental disadvantage in Giants B12. Inhale Magic. Blocks all enemies (boss excluded) from removing harmful effects for 2 turns. Always gains elemental advantage in all Rift Beasts (+15% crit rate and +50% damage). Business, Economics, and Finance. 3* {ATK} x3. Essences to awaken: 10 High Darkness 20 Mid Darkness 5 Mid Magic 15 Low Magicwhat I want to know is what takes priority effect? Basically crushing hit is the opposite of glancing hits regarding elemental advantage/disadvantage. Also Glancing hits needs a small update, It causes 50% Accuracy drop. *Out of 40. This in part is me lacking a water kfg still. His high speed can potentially work greatly to your advantage, but like Chloe comps, he is vulnerable to strippers. Effect Rate +15%. 6 Damage +10%. (Reusable in 4 turns). For example, a flat HP rune would have around 100 something HP as its main stat, but an HP% rune will have a percentage of HP of the monster that it’s put on as the main stat. Those are enough to get over 300% crit dmg and 60% crit rate on units with crit awakening. 10. Fire Monsters; Water Monsters; Wind Monsters; Dark Monsters. Damage +15%. This attack will deal more damage according to your MAX HP. 4 Harmful Effect Rate +10%. Most g1+ players were using 60% crit rate on their bruiser because it felt like it was enough. If your attribute is countered, you take a penalty of -10% DMG, and receive -10% CRIT Rate,-15% Precision, and -25% ACC. Inflicts Continuous Damage for 2 turns if you get a Critical Hit. )Pretty simple, 100% always crits unless: counter attribute glancing. Damage is increased by 30% for each. Feng Yan (Wind Panda Warrior) is a great defense tank monster in Summoners War. i ran 3 trials with seiq (howl on) and 2 trials without seiq (and no other crit rate buffs). Multiplier Formula. Any Monster will come into one of the 5 different Elemental: Water, Fire, Wind, Light and Dark! However, some Monster will not have every Elemental Type. Lv. + Lv. Damage +5%. Dark Hammer Kina is perfect for players looking to maximize speed and damage. Ragnarok Origin. Recovers the HP by 20% if the attack lands as a Critical Hit. Multiplier - 400% of ATK stat before reduction . Elemental Advantage doesn't affect debuffs in any way. Leader Skill. Nigong. buff that negates crit (acasis) Psycosi [Asia]Revoemag • 9 yr. Ice Ball (480%) Freezes the enemy for 1 turn. So if he is leader you only need 61% total crit to crit every time. Attribute Advantage Attack. Crit. The effect is. Rate Crit. Increases the Critical Rate of ally monsters with Light attribute by 23%. if Verde has 100% c. The Rate of Resistance cannot go below 15%. if there is no crit, damage bonus = 30% If you actually look at the post I linked, the numbers are reported in there that shows how the equation was derived. Wind units can also be useful for their high critical rate, and the Wind Jackal is particularly effective as his second skill increases critical damage. Hits the enemy with an Energy blast and inflicts Continuous Damage for 3 turns with a 20% chance. 4 Harmful Effect Rate +5%. 4 Harmful Effect Rate 10%. (Reusable in 4 turns) Attacks the enemy 2 times and increases the Attack Power of all. If your attribute is countered, you take a penalty of -10% DMG, and receive -10% CRIT Rate,-15% Precision, and -25% ACC. Amazed for simular good for his brother Taor furthermore he will have elemental advantage by exist a Wind mon. I know some stuff has been tested pretty easily, like 15% elemental crit advantage, but has there been any done on the supposed 85% threshold for…Attacks all enemies with attacks that always have an attribute advantage, resets their Attack Bar and increases their chance of landing a Glancing Hit for 2 turns. Damage +10%. Hadoken: Uses Hadoken on the enemy to inflict damage and decrease the Attack Power for 2 turns with a 50% chance. But if want à picture. DB12 (2/10): He can be used in Dragons B12 if you are low on damage dealers, but there are better options. GB12 (0/10): Trevor has elemental disadvantage and isn't recommended for Giants B12. Argen consumes said buff when fully stacked to get a lvl 5 attack bonus. DB12 (2/10): He can be used in Dragons B12 if you are low on damage dealers, but there are better options. Always gains attribute advantage when attacking an enemy. 'No elemental advantage' is not the same as 'all element advantage', which is what Theomars has. Attacks the enemy target with a powerful lightning and inflicts damage that's half of the damage dealt to all the other enemies. Determining Attack Outcomes The result of an attack action is judged on many factors such as the differences in stats and other metrics between the attacker and. I'm also not sure about the comps people use him with. CRIT RATE: 15; CRIT DMG: 50; RES: 15; ACC: 25; 2. Increases your Attack Power and Critical Rate for 3 turns. +30% flat Crit Rate. Toy Knight: Summons a doll knight and attacks all enemies. I had one of each type, fire, water, and wind, and attacked a wind monster about 40 times with each. Overwhelm of Water: Attacks all enemies to decrease their Attack Speed for 1 turn and to increase the skill cooldown time by 1 turn each with a 70% chance each. Hits the enemy with an Energy blast and inflicts Continuous Damage for 3 turns with a 50% chance. This attack will deal damage according to your Attack Speed. You can rune Kro with any rune set you have available. This is a great guide. Always perform an attack that has an attribute advantage on all enemies. Skill 1: Holy Claw: Attacks the enemy with sharp, lightning claws. Increase CRI Judge Summoners War. If the target is not suffering any harmful effects, 1 additional attack is added. S1: Unchanged. 6k at times on fire monsters on crits. Privacy Policy; Disclaimer; Contact UsAwaken bonus: Increases Critical Rate by 15%. I was having a discussion with a fellow guild mate about elemental advantage between units in SW, I for one thought that having. 601 votes, 95 comments. Odin Skills. [Automatic Effect] Elemental Advantage in Summoners War. Community-run subreddit for the Com2uS game **Summoners War: Sky Arena**. Damage +10%. Meaning crit resistance buff is more of an 0. Ragnarok Origin. The damage increases according to the Attack Speed. Crit. Multiplier - 370% of the ATK stat before reduction. 6. Summoners War: Sky Arena Wiki Monsters Element. If a monster has the elemental advantage, it gains a chance for its attack to land as a "Crushing Hit" (inflicting 30% more damage) as well as an increased chance of landing Critical Hits; conversely, if the enemy has the elemental advantage, the attacker will suffer a penalty. When attacking with attribute advantage, the attacker gets extra 15% critical hit chance. to be clear on elemental weakness and its effects, elemental weakness -> +15% chance of glancing hit, -15% chance of crit. • 1 mo. NB12 (0/10): He doesn't have multi hits to break through the boss' shield in Necro B12. Community-run subreddit for the Com2uS game **Summoners War: Sky Arena**. Genshin Impact Faruzan's appeal lies in her elemental rampage: Wind Realm of Nasamjnin. Before sleep summon, 1 LD scroll. Removes all Harmful Effects on an ally target and also evens the HP ratio of you and the ally target. 1582x2. Recovers the Attack Bar by 30% if the enemy gets defeated by this skill. 5% chance that the measured crit rate is below 42%. 5 Damage +10%. Does elemental advantage increase crit chance and by how much? : r/summonerswar Does elemental advantage increase crit chance and by how much? 1 5 comments Best. Tectonic Shift: Strikes an enemy with an attack strong enough to split the Earth. Disadvantage doesn't reduce the damage but reduce crit rate and give a fairly high chance of glancing blow. It's really hard to decide which rune to go, an attack monster that has low hp, needs. Significantly decreased crit chance *. Base damage is 20% lower. Skill 1: Cross Attack: Hits the enemy with an Energy blast and inflicts Continuous Damage for 3 turns with a 20% chance. Damage +10%. Increased crit rate is good for nukers like Katarina or Lushen and. Slot. Use Ctrl+F for easier searching Below 30% Critical Rate, use FatalThe value was around +/-2. Discuss the game with…Here are the best Nat 5 monsters in the game right now. Moreover had a nice 24% crit rate leaders competence in case you’re. Grade: Type: HP Obtainable from: Unknown Scroll, Mystical Scroll, Mystical Summon, Social Summon, Wind Scroll, Temple of Wishes, Chiruka Remains Devilmons: Feed it with 10 Minotauros [Do not use Devilmons] Awaken bonus: Leader skill: Increases the HP of ally monsters with Wind attribute by 30%. Ragnarok M Eternal Love. 5 Damage +10%. It seems like monsters just straight up do less damage even when they crit?Summoners War: Sky Arena Wiki Monsters Element. Multiplier - 380% of the ATK stat before reduction. Damage Resistance Accuracy; 100: 15%: 50%: 15%: 0%: Level Stars HP Atk Def; 15: 1: 20: 2: 25: 3: 30: 4: 35: 5: 40: 6: Advanced Guide. Moved up: Team-up monsters like Kro and Raoq. + Lv. If you can get good Crit Rate from substats and Blade rune sets, well and good. Rate. Stats reflect 6-star max, with each bar reflecting how that particular stat compares to the minimum and maximum that can be found among all monsters. Critical Rate, abbreviated in-game as CRI Rate, is the probability of landing a Critical Punched. Additionally, your Attack Bar increases by 50%. Rate Crit. If your attribute is countered, you take a penalty of -10% DMG, and receive -10% CRIT Rate,-15% Precision, and -25% ACC. Moreover having a first skill which deals damage proportionate to your MAX HP is very important to build the Wind Unicorn with lots of HP. Multiplier - 400% of ATK stat before reduction . Damage Resistance Accuracy; 106: 15%: 50%: 15%: 0%: Level Stars HP Atk Def; 20: 2: Min: 1035. Crushing hits are the elemental advantage variant of an elemental disadvantage glancing hit. Attacks the enemy with sharp, fiery claws. Rate Crit. Travel to the adventure with monsters partner. Double Slash: Swiftly attacks the enemy 2 times, leaving Continuous Damage for 2 turns. Inflicts Continuous Damage for 2 turns if you get a Critical hit. Crit. Rate Crit. 5 Damage +10%. <Summoners War: Chronicles> features 4 different Summoners, Kina the Support class, Orbia, the Mage class, Cleaf the Knight class, and Soleta the Archer class. Effect Rate +10%. In Human. I know that there's a change in crit rate due to elemental advantage/disadvantage Ex) 50% crit rate on a wind monster goes to 65% against a water enemy and 35% against a fire enemyIn this comment the 95% confidence intervals was calculated. Increases the Critical Rate of ally monsters with Wind attribute by 23%. Grants Immunity on all allies for 1 turn. Community-run subreddit for the Com2uS game **Summoners War: Sky Arena**… This could be huge as he would be the perfect mon to pump CD into while ignoring CR. elemental advantage/disadvantage. In Human Form, Diana has a good passive that increases her attack bar whenever she gets a critical hit. 0*{ATK} Shatter: Attacks all enemies 2 times with a sharp wind and weakens the Defense for 2 turns with a 50% chance for each attack. Each attack has a 50% chance to decrease the target's Attack Power for 2 turns. Increases the Critical Rate of ally monsters with Dark attribute by 23%. The inflicted damage is proportionate to the enemy's MAX HP. ) Increase CRI Rate +30% flat Crit Rate. Go through the dungeon and immerse to the most intense and addictive storyline. 3. (Reusable in 4 turns)If I learned anything in this game it's that no matter how slim the chance, if you let it, the game's gonna mess you up in the most important moments. New Summoners War Monsters & Fusion. Are you implying that units that have <50% crit can crit against Crit Resist buff without Crit buff or elemental advantage? This shouldn't be possible unless I am mistaken about how Crit Resist works. Violent Will, Vampire Revenge, Vampire Will, crit rate or crit damage slot 4 rune, tanky (dealing Theomars-level damage) or pure pain train, a Rakan-like build (vampire revenge with high HP and crit rate). 1. (Reusable in 5 turns). I use atk buffs far more often than crit or defense buffs. A unit like. 3 Damage +10%. fatal does more damage when it's a normal attack. 3 Damage +10%. Damage Resistance Accuracy; 103: 15%: 50%: 15%: 0%: Level Stars HP. (Reusable in 4 turns). Dark Hammer Kina is perfect for players looking to maximize speed and damage. Glancing hits are 25% less damage if I remember right, but considering that most nuker builds rely. As a basic explanation of my understanding of glancing hits, it starts at 0% chance and therefore the chance cannot ever be decreased by something like crit rate attacking a monster your element is strong against like attacking a wind mon with a fire mon (I think this is what you were asking about molly). The inflicted damage is proportionate to the enemy's MAX HP. [WIND] Dragon, Jamire. 2 Harmful Effect Rate +5%. Increases the Critical Rate of ally monsters with Wind attribute by 23%. The inflicted damage is proportionate to the enemy's MAX HP. Inflicts Continuous Damage for 2 turns if you get a Critical hit. So here are 10 best monsters that you can 6-star first: 10. So the anti-crit buff is supposed to cut the enemy's c. I had no idea of this. Having 100% crit rate removes the chance to land a crushing hit. 2 Harmful Effect Rate +10%. Increases your Attack Power and Critical Rate for 3 turns. Leader Skill: The HP of Ally Monsters is increased by 21% in Guild Battles. Always perform an attack that has an attribute advantage on all enemies. GB12 (0/10): He has elemental disadvantage in Giants B12. You can't crit AND glance. Dark Hammer Kina. Effect Rate +5%. (Reusable in 4 turns) Your Critical Damage is increased by 50%. Attacks the enemy with sharp claws of light. Attacks an enemy and looks for its weakness. Stuns them for 1 turn and decreases their Attack Speed for 2 turns with a 50% chance each. I once had a Bella violent proc 7 times in a row and clear out my remaining AO from what should have been a surefire win for me. Damage +10%. Water: Good gw/siege mon, unpredictable on defenses since he has elemental advantage against everyone. So it would be 405 % + 25% = 430 % cd. Critical Hit: starts at 50% additional damage and goes up according to your Critical Damage value. Yes, if not using any CR lead, you need 85% CR. Dance with the Elemental. CryptoYou must be looking at the wrong stat, crit chance cant physically go beyond 100% cause after it reaches that the number becomes red to show u reached the cap. 303% is pretty good. The more debuff on his target the more damage this skill will do. Recovers the Attack Bar of all allies by 20% afterwards. This attack will deal more damage according to your MAX HP. • 8 yr. 6 Cooltime Turn -1. This would be particularly useful for Jean who's crit rate would cap at 95% prior to any buffing. The activation of Rageful Return deals significant. 6 Harmful Effect Rate +15%. Negatives: Hard to received Nat 5 and no helpful guiding skill. Effect Rate +10%. Summoners War: Chronicles has officially launched, a spin-off game from the Summoners War series that will feature a crossplatform RPG. Crit. At are six types of runes includes the game, each with different effects and stat bonuses. 15% base + 15% Awaked bonus + 24% Leader = 54% thats right until here but i read he…Hits the enemy with an Energy blast and inflicts Continuous Damage for 3 turns with a 50% chance. Attackers belonging to a superior element class gain a +15% chance to trigger a Crit and +50% to Counter. A second part of the update will go live at the end of August. Attacks the enemy with sharp, lightning claws. 4 Harmful Effect Rate +10%. 5 Harmful Effect Rate +10%. His rune requirement is ok for beginners since you only need 55% crit on all 6 runes to make him deadly, that's less than 10% per rune. I had no idea of this. Multiplier - 380% of the ATK stat before reduction. You will get much better results when you bring one solid attacker and the rest support monsters. Your Attack Speed is increased for 2 turns if this attack lands as a Critical Hit. Effect Rate +15%. It depends on the monster buffing. [Automatic Effect]Cross Attack: Hits the enemy with an Energy blast and inflicts Continuous Damage for 3 turns with a 20% chance. I gave. Adrian(Fire elven ranger) can also be considered perhaps for his s3 that provides 3 turn Crit Buff and Speed Buff on a 4 turn CD. This is my first video so it's. God of Fire, the third skill, can buff the entire team with ATK UP status. by Janine Alison Laña March 29, 2023, 13:07 updated March 29, 2023, 13:29. Leader Skill: Increases the Critical Rate of ally monsters with Light attribute by 23%. ago. Attacks the enemy 3 times with a whirling gust of wind. + Lv. % Kahli: Three of the high elementals have an ignore defense attack on skill two (fire, water, light), but the fire high elemental’s third skill is a party wide attack power and attack speed buff which also grants Kahli a round of invulnerability. Crit. Now people gotta choose between giving him crit rate and lowering the rune requirements or trying to Since Crit Damage starts at 50% already, you need to attain 50% Crit Rate first before you should consider raising Crit Damage. Sigmarus is a free monster that you can obtain from the fusion Hexagram. Damage Resistance Accuracy; 106: 15%: 50%: 15%: 0%: Level Stars HP Atk Def; 25: 3: Min: 1680. + Cooltime Turn -1. Rate Crit. Nov 17, 2023. 3★ Light High Elemental => Shren. Cross Attack (380%) Hits the enemy with an Energy blast and inflicts Continuous Damage for 3 turns with a 20% chance. Crit Damage - starts at 50% (they add the base 100% so it reads as "150%", but it's the same value), but crit damage can also awaken, rarely. This attack will deal more damage according to your MAX HP. (Reusable in 2 turns). I have a 100% crit rate Sigma who is always my #1 contributor no matter the team setup. Skill 2: Counter Attack: Increases Critical Rate for 2 turns and counterattacks when attacked. Text under CC-BY-SA licenseBonus Crit Rate of Elemental Advantage. Idle. Belladeon is the best support monster for this situation. SF10 (8/10): He has elemental advantage and. SF10 (8/10): He has elemental advantage and can be used to deal good damage in Steel Fortress. 6 Harmful Effect Rate 15%. Tested it on mobs (that was with other artefacts) a) normal attack 2100 crit 5000 b) normal attack 1700 crit 5400So, here are what we think are the best characters in their respective role: DPS characters: Klee, Diluc, Ganyu, Tartaglia, Xiao. Causes an elemental explosion to attack an enemy. Join. Damage +10%. All Guides © 2021 Summoners War: Sky Arena Wiki. Sure, when you crit it will do more damage than the straight defense build. Join. Absorbs all other allies' HP by 10% to attack all enemies dealing damage that's proportionate to the absorbed HP. for so long. With these stats tats can do a projected 15,000 damage per skill 2 allowing for a good amount of damage per second from each tarq. The “damage increase” when you have elemental advantage is not a straight damage increase per se, its in the chance for crushing hits - opposite effect of glancing hits. If elemental advantage. Xiao Chun Skills. I noticed my monster crit more with an elemental advantage. What you say is true however it is not the full picture. Glancing can't crit and do only 50% Damage. Tectonic Shift: Strikes an enemy with an attack strong enough to split the Earth, inflicting. Critical Rate. DB12 (2/10): He can be used in Dragons B12 if you are low on damage dealers, but there are better options. Example a vildred with 100% crit chance will always crit against. 1% crit rate without howl: 31 hits total, 21 crits => 67. Critical Rate, abbreviated in-game as CRI Rate, is the probability of landing a Critical Hit. When you receive fatal attacks, you will be immune to death for 1 turn. Causes an elemental explosion to attack an enemy. Reddit post: Skills. Increase your Attack Power and Critical Rate for 3 turns.